<\/span><\/h2>\nAutorem t\u00e9to epi\u0161toly je Jakub Spravedliv\u00fd, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jeden z Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u00fdch bratr\u016f (Mt 13:55; Marek 6: 3).<\/p>\n
Bratr James byl obr\u00e1cen a\u017e po Kristov\u011b vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed (Jan 7: 3\u20135; Sk 1:14; 1 Kor 15: 7; Gal 1:19), stal se jedn\u00edm z v\u016fdc\u016f jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 c\u00edrkve a je jmenov\u00e1n jedn\u00edm z sloupy kostela (Gal 2,9).<\/p>\n
Jamesova listina je datov\u00e1na kolem roku 45 nl. C., dlouho p\u0159ed prvn\u00ed radou v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b, kter\u00e1 se konala kolem 50 d. C., kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed novoz\u00e1konn\u00ed list. Podle historika Fl\u00e1via Josefa byl Tiago zabit kolem roku 62 d. C.<\/p>\n
Adres\u00e1ti epi\u0161toly jsou rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed \u017did\u00e9 konvertovan\u00ed ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed (Jas 1: 1), a proto je \u017did\u016fm vlastn\u00ed stroh\u00fd t\u00f3n a jazyk.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e psal tuto epi\u0161tolu, James se sna\u017eil postavit proti \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu u\u010den\u00ed o v\u00ed\u0159e v jedin\u00e9ho Boha, s u\u010den\u00edm evangelia, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 m\u00edt v\u00edru v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista, proto\u017ee je zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkat, \u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Boha, ale \u017ee neposlouch\u00e1 Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. Boha, kter\u00fdm je v\u011b\u0159it v Krista.<\/p>\n
James\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstup n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 to, \u010demu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 u\u010dil: \u201eNECHTE se tr\u00e1pit sv\u00fdmi srdci; v\u011b\u0159\u00edte v Boha, v\u011b\u0159\u00edte tak\u00e9 ve m\u011b \u201c<\/strong>(Jan 14: 1), co\u017e ukazuje d\u016fle\u017eitost \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu z hlediska c\u00edlov\u00e9ho publika: \u017did\u00e9 konvertovali ke k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed.<\/p>\nPo cel\u00e9m k\u0159es\u0165anstvu se v\u0161ak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed o Jakubov\u011b epi\u0161tole, \u017ee br\u00e1nil sp\u00e1su skutky a postavil se proti apo\u0161tolovi k pohan\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed sp\u00e1su h\u00e1jili v\u00edrou.<\/p>\n
Nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed Jamesova p\u0159\u00edstupu zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee Martin Luther nen\u00e1vid\u011bl tuto epi\u0161tolu a naz\u00fdval ji \u201eslam\u011bnou epi\u0161tolou\u201c. Nech\u00e1pal, \u017ee Jamesovo u\u010den\u00ed se neli\u0161\u00ed od u\u010den\u00ed u\u010den\u00e9ho apo\u0161tolem Pavlem.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>Shrnut\u00ed Listu Jamese<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nJakubova epi\u0161tola za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 nab\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm k vytrvalosti ve v\u00ed\u0159e, proto\u017ee vytrvalost\u00ed je d\u00edlo v\u00edry ukon\u010deno (Jak 1: 3-4). Kdokoli sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zkou\u0161ky bez vyblednut\u00ed, je po\u017eehn\u00e1n, proto\u017ee od Boha obdr\u017e\u00ed korunu \u017eivota, kter\u00e1 bude d\u00e1na t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed ho poslouchaj\u00ed (miluj\u00ed) (Jak 1:12).<\/p>\n
James pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdraz \u201ev\u00edra\u201c ve smyslu \u201ev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed\u201c, \u201ev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed\u201c, \u201ed\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c, na rozd\u00edl od apo\u0161tola Pavla, kter\u00fd tento v\u00fdraz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve smyslu \u201ev\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed\u201c a ve smyslu \u201epravdy\u201c, a tento druh\u00fd v\u00fdznam je mnohem v\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n ne\u017e ten.<\/p>\n
Potom Jakub p\u0159edstavuje podstatu evangelia, kterou je znovuzrozen\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm slova pravdy (Jak 1:18). Pot\u00e9, co Jakub tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edmat slovo evangelia jako poslu\u0161n\u00fd slu\u017eebn\u00edk, kter\u00fdm je Bo\u017e\u00ed moc ke spasen\u00ed (Jakub 2:21), vyb\u00edz\u00ed sv\u00e9 partnery, aby splnili to, co je stanoveno v evangeliu, a nezapom\u00ednaje na nauku Krista (Jakub 2:21).<\/p>\n
Jakub p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo je pozorn\u00fd v\u016f\u010di pravd\u011b evangelia a vytrv\u00e1 v n\u00ed, ani\u017e by byl zapomenut\u00fdm poslucha\u010dem, d\u011bl\u00e1 d\u00edlo stanoven\u00e9 Bohem: v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Krista (Jakub 2:25).<\/p>\n
S ohledem na d\u00edlo vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 Bohem James prokazuje, \u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm bez omezen\u00ed toho, co vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze srdce, znamen\u00e1 klamat s\u00e1m sebe a \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jednotlivce se ukazuje jako marn\u00e9 (Jakub 2: 26\u201327).<\/p>\n
James znovu naz\u00fdv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 spolubratry bratry a pot\u00e9 je vol\u00e1, aby lidem neukazovali \u00factu, proto\u017ee tvrdili, \u017ee jsou v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi v Krista (Jak 2: 1). Pokud n\u011bkdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v P\u00e1na Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e, mus\u00ed postupovat podle t\u00e9to v\u00edry: nere\u0161pektov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed kv\u016fli p\u016fvodu, jazyku, kmeni, n\u00e1rodu atd. (Jas 2:12)<\/p>\n
Tiag\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstup se op\u011bt m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm: – \u201eMoji brat\u0159i\u201c, zeptat se jich, zda je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee maj\u00ed v\u00edru, pokud nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 d\u00edla. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u00edry bez z\u00e1chrany d\u011bl?<\/p>\n
Pojem pr\u00e1ce v kontextu je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat podle pohledu \u010dlov\u011bka ve starov\u011bku, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdsledkem poslu\u0161nosti p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed. U mu\u017e\u016f v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vedlo velen\u00ed p\u00e1na a poslu\u0161nost slu\u017eebn\u00edka k pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edstup se m\u011bn\u00ed od lid\u00ed ke sp\u00e1se. Za prv\u00e9; Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo m\u00e1 v\u00edru v Krista, nem\u016f\u017ee respektovat. Zadruh\u00e9: Kdokoli \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edru, \u017ee B\u016fh je jeden, nebude-li vykon\u00e1vat d\u00edlo vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 Bohem, nebude spasen.<\/p>\n
Nejde o n\u011bkoho, kdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edru v Krista, ale n\u011bkdo, kdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edru, je v\u0161ak v\u00edra v jednoho Boha. Kdo m\u00e1 v\u00edru v Krista, bude spasen, proto\u017ee to je d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje B\u016fh. Nem\u016f\u017eete zachr\u00e1nit n\u011bkoho, kdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edru v Boha, ale kdo nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Krista, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed \u010dinitelem d\u00edla.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eadovan\u00e1 od t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee maj\u00ed v\u00edru (v\u00edru), je pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 vytrvalost\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed (Jk 1: 4), to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159it v dokonal\u00fd z\u00e1kon, z\u00e1kon svobody (Jk 1:25). .<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed konvertit\u00e9 mezi \u017didy v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee Bo\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eaduje v\u00edru v Krista, argumentem, \u017ee nesta\u010d\u00ed jen \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edru, zd\u016fraz\u0148oval James, \u017ee je ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159it v Boha a nev\u011b\u0159it v Krista.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edstup v kapitole 3 se znovu m\u011bn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: moji brat\u0159i (Jk 3: 1). V\u00fduka je zam\u011b\u0159ena na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli b\u00fdt p\u00e1ny, av\u0161ak pro toto ministersk\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 b\u00fdt \u201edokonal\u00ed\u201c. B\u00fdt \u201edokonal\u00fdm\u201c v kontextu neznamen\u00e1 klop\u00fdtnut\u00ed o slovo pravdy (Jk 3: 2), a tak bude schopno v\u00e9st t\u011blo (studenty).<\/p>\n
Po p\u0159\u00edkladech toho, co je slovo schopno podporovat, se p\u0159\u00edstup op\u011bt m\u011bn\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nemo\u017enost pokra\u010dovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch poselstv\u00edch od t\u00e9\u017ee osoby, co\u017e kontrastuje s pozn\u00e1n\u00edm Boha versus moudrosti a lidsk\u00e9 tradice (Jak 3,10-12) .<\/p>\n
Nakonec je pou\u010deno, \u017ee k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed z \u0159ad \u017did\u016f by nem\u011bli o sob\u011b navz\u00e1jem mluvit \u0161patn\u011b (Jakub 4:11) a podle po\u010dtu (bohat\u00fdch) odkazovat na \u017didy, kte\u0159\u00ed zabili Krista.<\/p>\n
List je uzav\u0159en \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edho t\u00e9matu: vytrvalosti (Jak 5:11), povzbuzov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch k trp\u011blivosti v utrpen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>Hlavn\u00ed myln\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o v\u00fdkladu<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\n- Pochopte, \u017ee Tiago se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o ot\u00e1zky, jako je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost, rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, charitativn\u00ed akce atd .;<\/li>\n
- Pova\u017eovat p\u0159\u00edsnou pok\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ebohat\u00fdm\u201c, kte\u0159\u00ed hromad\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, za pok\u00e1r\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli hmotn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed, je t\u0159eba si nev\u0161imnout, \u017ee v\u00fdraz \u201ebohat\u00fd\u201c je \u00fadaj, kter\u00fd plat\u00ed pro \u017didy;<\/li>\n
- Pochopte, \u017ee James\u016fv dopis odporuje u\u010den\u00ed apo\u0161tola Pavla, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje sp\u00e1su v\u00edrou v Krista Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e. James ve skute\u010dnosti ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00edra v Boha nen\u00ed to, co B\u016fh vy\u017eaduje pro sp\u00e1su, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u00edra v to, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 je Kristus, d\u00edlo v\u00edry;<\/li>\n
- Pochopte, \u017ee k prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed pravosti t\u011bch, kdo maj\u00ed skute\u010dnou v\u00edru, jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dobr\u00e9 skutky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v Krista podle P\u00edsma, m\u00e1 skute\u010dnou v\u00edru, proto\u017ee to je d\u00edlo vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 Bohem;<\/li>\n
- Zam\u011b\u0148ujte dobr\u00e9 skutky s ovocem, podle kter\u00e9ho je strom identifikov\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pr\u00e1ce vy\u017eadovan\u00e1 v listu Jamese, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00edru (v\u00edru), je d\u00edlem, kter\u00e9 vytrvalost kon\u010d\u00ed (Jk 1: 4), to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 z\u016fstat v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed v dokonal\u00fd z\u00e1kon, z\u00e1kon svobody (Jk 1: 25).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11,13,20,43,50],"class_list":["post-128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sem-categoria","tag-evangelium","tag-jakubuv-list","tag-list-jamese","tag-skutky","tag-vira"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/128\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/estudobiblico.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}